The Building Blocks

Before you can read the signs, you need to understand the language. Here are the essential concepts.

The Ten Heavenly Stems

Think of these as the “skeleton” of Chinese time-keeping. There are 10 of them, and they cycle endlessly:

#Stem
1Jia
2Yi
3Bing
4Ding
5Wu
6Ji
7Geng
8Xin
9Ren
10Gui

The Twelve Earthly Branches

These are the “skin” — they follow the zodiac animals you already know. Each one represents a 2-hour block of the day:

BranchHoursDescription
Zi23:00-01:00Midnight
Chou01:00-03:00Before Dawn
Yin03:00-05:00Tiger Hour
Mao05:00-07:00Rabbit Hour
Chen07:00-09:00Dragon Hour
Si09:00-11:00Snake Hour
Wu11:00-13:00Horse Hour
Wei13:00-15:00Goat Hour
Shen15:00-17:00Monkey Hour
You17:00-19:00Rooster Hour
Xu19:00-21:00Dog Hour
Hai21:00-23:00Pig Hour

Direction Map

Each branch also has a compass direction. This matters for “where to look” when searching for lost items:

BranchDirection
ZiNorth
ChouNortheast
YinNortheast
MaoEast
ChenSoutheast
SiSoutheast
WuSouth
WeiSouthwest
ShenSouthwest
YouWest
XuNorthwest
HaiNorthwest

The Five Elements (Wu Xing)

Everything in the universe is made of these five building blocks. They interact in predictable ways:

Generating Cycle (相生)

Fire → Earth → Metal → Wood → Water → Fire

Controlling Cycle (相克)

Fire → Water → Wood → Metal → Earth → Fire

Element Details

ElementDescriptionDirection
WoodGrowth, spring, eastEast
FireHeat, summer, southSouth
EarthStability, center, harvestCenter
MetalContract, autumn, westWest
WaterCool, winter, northNorth

The Six Spirits (Shen Sha)

These spiritual influences add flavor to your readings. Each position in Xiao Liu Ren has an associated spirit:

SpiritMeaningContext
QinglongAuspiciousWhen you need help or protection
LiuheHarmonyBefore signing contracts
ZhuqueCommunicationNews arriving, verbal matters
BaihuDangerHealth concerns, accidents
GouchenLegal IssuesOfficial matters, disputes
XuanwuTheft/SecretsHidden things, underwater